Herbert Baum

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Herbert Baum (* 10 February 1912 in Poznan † 11 June 1942 in Berlin) was a German-Jewish resistance leader against National Socialism.

Baum and family moved to Berlin when he was young and after he graduated secondary school there, he took on an apprenticeship as an electrician, which he carried on with as a profession.

By 1926, he was an active member of different leftwing and Jewish youth organizations, and from 1931, he became a member of the communist youth association of Germany (KJVD).

After the seizure of power by the national socialists he began, together his wife Marianne Baum and friends, Martin and Sala Kochmann , to organize meetings in the Kochmann drawing-room about dealing with the threat of Nazism. The circle of friends designated Herbert Baum as chairman. Up to 100 youths attended the meetings, and topics included political debates and cultural discussion. The group openly distributed leaflets arguing against National Socialism.

During 1940, Baum was rounded up and was forced into slave labour labour in the electro motors works of the Siemens-Schuckertwerke (today Siemens AG). From 1941, he headed a group of Jewish slave labourers at the plant, who, to escape deportation concentration camps, went to the Berlin underground

On the 18 May 1942, the group organised an arson, attacking an anticommunist propaganda display at the Berliner Lustgarten, the attack was mostly unsuccessful and within days, a large number of the group were arrested and 20 were sentenced to death. Baum himself died in custody in unclear circumstances, possibly because of torture.

There is a plaque in the Weißensee Cemetery in Berlin, commemorating the Herbert-Baum-Group and there is also a street by the cemetery named after him called Herbert-Baum-Straße. In the Berliner Lustgarten, a monument designed by Jürgen Raue and the DDR was erected in 1981, which remembers the 1942 attack.

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